TNPG 2006 ANATOMY

ANATOMY

1) Internal spermatic fascia is derived from

a. Transversalis facia

b. Internal abdominis muscle

c. External Oblique Abdominis Muscle

d. Internal Oblique Abdominis Muscle

Answer a. Transversalis Fascia

Reference: Grays’ Anatomy 38^th Edition Page 829

The spermatic cord in the male, or the round ligament of the uterus in the female, pass through the transversalis fascia at the deep inguinal ring (see below). This opening is not visible externally since the transversalis fascia is prolonged on these structures as the internal spermatic fascia

Layers of Anterior Abdominal Wall	Layers of Scrotum		Mnemonic
Skin	Skin	S	Some
Superficial Fascia	Dartos Muscle	D	Decent
External Oblique Abdominis	External Spermatic Fascia	E	Englishmen
Internal Oblique Abdominis	Cremateric Muscle and Fascia	C	Call
Transversalis Fascia	Internal Spermatic Fascia	I	It
Process Vaginalis	Tunica Vaginalis Testis	T	Testis

2) Length of Ureter is

a. 25 cms

b. 18 cms

c. 10 cms.

d. 5 cm

Answer 25 cm

Reference : Grays 38^th Edition Page 1828

Ureter measures 25 to 30 cm

3) External laryngeal nerve supplies

a. Superior Constrictor.

b. Middle Constrictor.

c. Inferior constrictor.

d. None of the above

Answer : Inferior Constrictor

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 1253

The external laryngeal nerve, smaller than the internal, descends posterior to the sternothyroid with the superior thyroid artery but on a deeper plane; it lies at first on the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and then, piercing it, curves round the inferior thyroid tubercle to reach and supply the cricothyroid. It also supplies the pharyngeal plexus and inferior constrictor; behind the common carotid artery it connects with the superior cardiac nerve and superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.

4) Vidian Nerve is formed by

a. Deep Petrosal & Greater Superficial Petrosal nerve

b. Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve and Lesser Superficial Petrosal Nerve.

c. Deep Petrosal Nerve and Lesser Superficial Petrosal Nerve

d. None of the above

Answer Deep Petrosal & Greater Superficial Petrosal nerve

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 1245

Greater Petrosal Nerve is joined by the deep petrosal nerve from the internal carotid sympathetic plexus to become the Vidian nerve or nerve of the pterygoid canal which traverses the pterygoid canal to end in the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Sub Mandibular Gland

Sup. Salivatory Nucleus à Sensory Part of VII N à Facial Nerve à Chorda Tympani à Lingual Nà

Sub Mandibular Ganglion à Gland

Parotid Gland

Inferior Salivatory Nucleus à Glossopharyngeal Nerve à Jacobson’s Nerve à Tympanic Plexus à Lesser Superficial Petrosal Nerve à Ottic Ganglion à Auriculotemporal Nerve à Parotid Gland

Lacrimal Gland

Lacrimatory Nucleus à Sensory Part of Facial N à Facial Nerve à Geniculate Ganglion à Greater Supf. Petrosal Nerve à Joins with deep petrosal Nerve from sympathetic Plexus to form Nerve of Pterygoid Canal/Vidian Nerve à Pterygopalatine Ganglion à Maxillary Nerve à Zygomatico temp oral Nerve à Lacrimal Nerve à LacrimalGland

5) Superficial Surface of Parotid is related to

a. Great auricular nerve

b. Mastoid Process

c. Posterior Belly of Digastri

d. External Carotid Artery

Answer a. Greater Auricular Nerve

Reference Gray 38^th Edition Page 1691

6) The communicating vein responsible for spread of infection from the Dangerous area of the face.

a. Superior ophthalmic Vein

b. Inferior Ophthalmic Vein

c. Maxillary Vein

d. Lingual Vein

Answer : Superior Ophthalmic Vein

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 1577

Near its beginning the facial vein connects with the superior ophthalmic directly and via the supraorbital; it is thus connected to the cavernous sinus.

7) Para thyroid Develops from

a. 1^st and 2^nd Arch

b. 2^nd and 3^rd Arch

c. 3^rd and 4^th Arch

d. 4^th and 5^th Arch

Answer : 3^rd and 4^th Arch

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 1897

8) Preganglionic fibres of of Otic Ganglion travels in

a. Lesser Petrosal nerve

b. Auriculotemporal nerve

c. Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve

d. None of the above

Answer : Lesser Petrosal Nerve

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 1377

9) Left common Cardinal Vein forms

a. Oblique Vein of Left Atrium

b. SVC

c. Coronary Sinus

d. None of the above

Answer : (A) Oblique Vein of the Left Atrium

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 324

Embryological part	Adult Part
Right Horn of Sinus Venosus	Posterior smooth part or the sinus venarum of the right atrium
Left Horn of Sinus Venosus and Body of Sinus Venosus	Coronary Sinus
Right duct of Cuvier or Right Common Cardinal Vein	Intrapericardial part of the Superior Vena Cava
Left duct of Cuvier or Left Common Cardinal Vein	Oblique vein of Left Atrium
Oblique cross connection between the right and the left anterior cardinal veins	Left Brachocephalic Vein
Caudal part of the Right Anterior Cardinal Vein	Extrapericardial part of the superior vena cava
Caudal part of the Left Anterior Cardinal Vein	Fibrous thread within the ligament of the left vena cava
Supra hepatic part of the Right Vitelline Vein	Terminal part of the Inferior Vena Cava

10) Auditory cortex area is Area

a. Area 14

b. Area 24

c. Area 34

d. Area 44

Answer : D) Area 44

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 1158 Figure 8.262

11) Which Law states that the Dorsal roots are Sensory Ventral roots are motor –

a. Bell magendie law

b. Starling’s law.

c. Both of the above

d. None of the above

Answer A)Bell magendie law

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 129

12) Superior oblique muscle is supplied by

a. Trochlear nerve.

b. Abducens Nerve

c. Oculomotor Nerve

d. None of the above

Answer (A) Trochlear Nerve

Reference: Gray 38^th Edition Page 1230

TNPG 2006 PHYSIOLOGY

PHYSIOLOGY

1) Lesions of Right Parietal lobe present with all of the following phenonemons except

a. Ability to shave left side

b. Extinctions

c. Crowding number on Right side

d. Wide margins on left side while writing

Answers : Ability to shave left side

Reference: Harrison 16^th Edition page 149

2) Characteristics of Lymph

a. It is a Tissue fluid.

b. Daily Circulation is 2 to 4 l

c. Protein content of the choroid plexus lymph is 0

d. All of the above

Answer : All of the above

Reference: Ganong 22^nd edition page 546

3) Pressure of CSF is

a. 50 to 180 mm H₂O

b. 50 to 180 mm Hg

c. 180 to 280 mm H₂O

d. 180 to 280 mm Hg

Answer : 50 to 180 mm H₂O

Reference: Harrison 16^th Edition Page Appendix 11

4) Total blood volume in an adult who weighs 70 kilograms is

a. 2600 ml

b. 3600 ml

c. 4600 ml

d. 5600 ml

Answer : 5600 ml

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 2, 515

5) Cross bridges are formed by

a. Myosin

b. Troponin

c. Tropomyosin

d. None of the above

Answer : Myosin

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 67

6) Of the following which is the least Essential endocrine Gland

a. Parathyroid

b. Thyroid

c. Pancreas

d. Adrenal medulla

Answer : (D) Adrenal Medulla

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 356

7) Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and beta 2 receptors arepresent in

a. Eyes

b. Uterus

c. Lungs

d. Kidneys

Answers Kidneys

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 227, Table 13.2

8) QRS Width in ECG represents

a. Time required for a stimulus to spread through the ventricles

b. Ventricular depolarization

c. 0.1 second or less

d. All of the above

Answer : (d) all of the above

Reference : Goldberger 3^rd Edition Page 14

9) Fasting Gastrin level

a. 50ng

b. 500 ng

c. 5000 ng

d. None of the above

Answer : (d) None of the above

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page

As per http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003697.htm the blood levels of gastrin are Less than 100 pg/ml (picograms per milliliter) (that is equal to

10) Receptor of Growth Hormone is similar to receptor of

a. T3

b. IGF

c. ACTH

d. Adrenaline

Answer : b) IGF

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 405

11) Somatostatin is Secreted by

a. Alpha cells

b. Beta cells

c. D cells

d. None of the above

Answer : (c ) D Cells

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 333

12) Cholagogues Cause

a. contraction of Gall bladder

b. Increases in secretion of bile

c. Both

d. None

Answer : (A) Contract of Gall Bladder

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Page 503

Choleretics cause increase in secretion of bile

TNPG 2006 BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS

BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS

1) If the pH is 7.4 then the Hydrogen Ion concentration is

a. 40 mmol/ml

b. 7.4

c. 50

d. None of the above

Answer (a) 40 mmol/ml

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 9

Ä When pH is 7.4, the H+ ion concentration is 40 nanomoles/L

2) Anion gap

a. Is the difference between the unmeasured anion and cation

b. Is the difference Measured cations and Anion

c. Both

d. None

Answer (c) Both of the above

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 630

3) Trypsin is a

a. Serine Protease

b. Maltase

c. Lipase

d. None of the above

Answer : a) Serine Protease

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 397

4) Scurvy is due to deficiency of

a. Vitamin A

b. Vitamin C

c. Vitamin B₁

d. Vitamin B₂

Answer (b) Vitamin C

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 158

5) All of the following components are the common substance with Anti Oxidant properties Except

a. Vitamin D

b. Vitamin C

c. Vitamin E

d. Selenium

Answer a) Vitamin D

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 128, 129

6) In India the major source of Vitamin D is

a. Sunlight

b. Injections

c. Diet

d. None of the above

Answer (a) Sunlight

Reference: KD Tripathi 5^th Edition Page 303

7) A person on a fat free carbohydrate rich diet continues to grow obese. Which of the following lipoproteins is likely to be elevated in his blood?

a. Chylomicrons.

b. VLDL.

c. LDL.

d. HDL.

Answer: 2. VLDL.

Reference : Harper 25th Edition Page 296, Harrison 15th Edition Page 2250

8) Enzyme defcint in Alkaptanuria is

a. Homogentiase Oxidase Deficiency

b. Folate Synthetase

c. DNA Gyrase

d. Transpeptidases

Answer (a) Homogentiase Oxidase Deficiency

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 259

9) The enzyme deficient in Criggler - Negar Syn Type I is

a. Folate Synthetase

b. DNA Gyrase

c. Transpeptidases

d. Udp Glucornyl Transferase

Answer: (d) Udp Glucornyl Transferase

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 270

10) Which of the following is not a HomopolySaccaride

a. Heparin

b. Dextran

c. Inulin

d. Starch

Answer Heparin

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 35

11) Fatty acid synthesis complex does not contain this enzyme used in fatty acid synthesis

a. Acetyl coa carboxylase

b. Enoyl reductase

c. Ketoacyl reductase

d. Hydratase

Answer (a) Acetyl coa carboxylase

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 197

12) Metabalic alkalosis occurs in

a. Recurrent vomiting

b. Diabetic Ketosis

c. Diarrhoea

d. All of the above

Answer (a) Recurrent Vomiting

Reference: Harrison 16^th Edition Page 268

13) Major anion in ECF

a. Protein

b. Cl-

c. HCO3

d. None of the above

Answer (B) Cl^-

Reference: Ganong 22^nd Edition Figure 1.27

14) Stop Codons

a. UAG,

b. UGA

c. UAA

d. All

Answer (d) All of the above

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 366

15) Weakest bond

a. Vanderwalls bond

b. Covalent

c. Ionic

d. Gravitational

Answer (a) Vanderwalls bond

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 7

16) All of the following are involved in various steps of Electron transport chain except:

a. NADP

b. NAD

c. Co Enzyme Q

d. CoA

Answer (a) NADP

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 103

17) Consumption of Ethanol leads to increased levels of

a. Lactate

b. acetaldehye

c. NADH

d. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 225

18) Un acceptable type of Missence Mutation is

a. Hb M

b. Hb Hikari

c. Hb S

d. None

Answer : (A) Hb M

Reference: Vasudevan 2^nd Edition Page 308

New Hb	Effect
Hb Bristol	No functional Change
Hb Sydney	No functional Change
Hb Hikari	Acceptable Mistake
Hb S	Partially Acceptable Mistake
Hb M	Unacceptable Mutations
Hb Tak	Nonsense Mutations
Hb Constant Spring	Production of “Run on Polypeptide”

19) Pentose Sugar in Nueclic acid

a. Ribose

b. Deoxyribose

c. Both

d. None

Answer (C ) Both

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 27 and Harper 27^th Edition Page 298

20) Vibration Property of Molecules is checked by

a. Infra red Spectroscopy

b. Electron Microscopy

c. Light Microscopy

d. None of the above

Answer: a) Infra red Spectroscopy

Reference: See Wikipedia, Infrared spectroscopy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy (optional description here) (as of Nov. 6, 2006, 21:27 GMT).

Infrared spectroscopy works because chemical bonds have specific frequencies at which they vibrate corresponding to energy levels. The resonant frequencies or vibrational frequencies are determined by the shape of the molecular potential energy surfaces, the masses of the atoms and, eventually by the associated vibronic coupling. In order for a vibrational mode in a molecule to be IR active, it must be associated with changes in the permanent dipole. In particular, in the Born-Oppenheimer and harmonic approximations, i.e. when the molecular Hamiltonian corresponding to the electronic ground state can be approximated by a harmonic oscillator in the neighborhood of the equilibrium molecular geometry, the resonant frequencies are determined by the normal modes corresponding to the molecular electronic ground state potential energy surface. Nevertheless, the resonant frequencies can be in a first approach related to the strength of the bond, and the mass of the atoms at either end of it. Thus, the frequency of the vibrations can be associated with a particular bond type.

Simple diatomic molecules have only one bond, which may stretch. More complex molecules may have many bonds, and vibrations can be conjugated, leading to infrared absorptions at characteristic frequencies that may be related to chemical groups. The atoms in a CH₂ group, commonly found in organic compounds can vibrate in six different ways, symmetrical and asymmetrical stretching, scissoring, rocking, wagging and twisting.

In order to measure a sample, a beam of infrared light is passed through the sample, and the amount of energy absorbed at each wavelength is recorded. This may be done by scanning through the spectrum with a monochromatic beam, which changes in wavelength over time, or by using a Fourier transform instrument to measure all wavelengths at once. From this, a transmittance or absorbance spectrum may be plotted, which shows at which wavelengths the sample absorbs the IR, and allows an interpretation of which bonds are present. This technique works almost exclusively on covalent bonds, and as such is of most use in organic chemistry. Clear spectra are obtained from samples with few IR active bonds and high levels of purity. More complex molecular structures lead to more absorption bands and more complex spectra. The technique has been used for the characterization of very complex mixtures however.

21) The investigation for Thiamine deficiency is

a. RBC Transketalose

b. Blood Sugar

c. Serum Creatinine

d. All of the above

Answer : A) RBC Transketolase

Reference: Harper 27^th Edition Page 497

22) Casals Necklace Pattern is seen in

a. Thiamine Deficiency

b. Riboflavin Deficiency

c. Niacin Deficiency

d. All of the above

Answer C) Niacin Deficiency

Reference: Achar 3^rd Edition Page 89

23) All are examples of detoxication reactions except

a. Oxidation

b. Reduction

c. Hydrolysis

d. None of the above

Answer (d)None of the above

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 483

24) Vitamins needed for the synthesis of Co Enzyme A

a. Pyridoxine

b. Pantothenic Acid

c. Both

d. None

Answer C) Both

Reference: Chaterjee 6^th Edition Page 167